Gender-Responsive Digital Deep Learning Management in Indonesian Vocational Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70211/wesw.v3i3.458Keywords:
Deep Learning, Gender-Responsive Vocational Education, School Welfare, CIPP EvaluationAbstract
Digital transformation in vocational high schools should not be evaluated only through infrastructure availability, but also through its capacity to deepen learning, protect student well-being, and widen equitable school-to-work opportunities. This study evaluates the management of digital-based deep learning in four public vocational high schools in Pesawaran Regency, Indonesia, using a qualitative document-evaluation design. The data corpus comprised 2025 Education Report Cards, school vision and mission statements, school profiles, annual work plans, principal work programs, and follow-up planning documents from SMKN 1 Gedong Tataan, SMKN 1 Tegineneng, SMKN 1 Negeri Katon, and SMKN Padang Cermin. The documents were analyzed through thematic synthesis informed by open-systems theory, CIPP evaluation, continuous quality improvement, TPACK, project-based vocational pedagogy, and a gender-responsive welfare lens. The findings show that the schools have strong strategic commitments to character formation, digital learning, industry partnership, project learning, and vocational relevance. However, the Education Report Cards reveal an important management paradox: ICT facilities were consistently strong, while resource allocation for quality improvement remained weak and instructional quality was unstable in several schools. The study proposes a PPEPP-CIPP model for gender-responsive digital deep learning management, linking standard setting, implementation, evaluation, control, and improvement with context, input, process, and product evidence. The model positions digital learning as a human-centered and welfare-sensitive strategy for improving vocational learning quality, student participation, and transition readiness.
References
[1] P. Mishra and M. J. Koehler, “Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge,” Teachers College Record, vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 1017–1054, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
[2] C. Redecker, European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2760/159770
[3] A. A. P. Cattaneo, C. Antonietti, and M. Rauseo, “How digitalised are vocational teachers? Assessing digital competence in vocational education and looking at its underlying factors,” Computers & Education, vol. 176, 104358, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104358
[4] C. Antonietti, A. A. P. Cattaneo, and F. Amenduni, “Can teachers’ digital competence influence technology acceptance in vocational education?” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 132, 107266, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107266
[5] R. Mulyanti, L. N. Wati, U. Tusminurdin, and A. M. Soma, “Determinants of teacher digital competence: Empirical evidence of vocational schools in Indonesia,” International Journal of Data and Network Science, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1517–1530, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.3.014
[6] S. Rahmawati, S. Prestridge, A. G. Abdullah, and I. Widiaty, “Unpacking the digital competence challenge in vocational education: A case from Indonesia,” Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 12, 101803, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101803
[7] S. Setuju, A. Widowati, D. Ratnawati, and A. Wijayanti, “Digital media for teachers in vocational schools: Digital competence of 21st century educators,” Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 164–181, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v31i2.84470
[8] M. K. Budiarto, Asrowi, Gunarhadi, R. Karsidi, and A. Rahman, “E-learning platform for enhancing 21st century skills for vocational school students: A systematic literature review,” Electronic Journal of e-Learning, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 76–90, 2024. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.22.5.3417
[9] P. Nilsook, P. Chatwattana, and T. Seechaliao, “The project-based learning management process for vocational and technical education,” Higher Education Studies, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 20–29, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v11n2p20
[10] R. S. Akhtar and M. M. M. Imleesh, “Indonesia’s digital education revolution: Enhancing vocational learning through technology-driven project-based methods,” Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 125–135, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32585/jurnalkomdik.v9i2.6857
[11] L. von Bertalanffy, General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. New York, NY: George Braziller, 1968.
[12] D. L. Stufflebeam and C. L. S. Coryn, Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2014.
[13] W. E. Deming, Out of the Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.
[14] M. Fullan, J. Quinn, and J. McEachen, Deep Learning: Engage the World Change the World. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506368603
[15] F. Marton and R. Säljö, “On qualitative differences in learning: I—Outcome and process,” British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 4–11, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02980.x
[16] J. Biggs and C. Tang, Teaching for Quality Learning at University, 4th ed. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press, 2011.
[17] D. A. Kolb, Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1984.
[18] E. Daryanto, B. Siregar, and S. Januariyansah, “A meta-analysis of the e-learning influence on Vocational Education and Training (VET): Preliminary study of virtual to actualization,” International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 710–721, 2022. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.2509
[19] M. Astuti, Z. Arifin, F. Mutohhari, and M. Nurtanto, “Competency of digital technology: The maturity levels of teachers and students in vocational education in Indonesia,” Journal of Education Technology, vol. 5, no. 3, 2021. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.35108
[20] UNESCO-UNEVOC, Trends Mapping Study: Digital Skills Development in TVET Teacher Training. Bonn, Germany: UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, 2022.
[21] UN Women, Innovation and Technological Change, and Education in the Digital Age for Achieving Gender Equality and the Empowerment of All Women and Girls. New York, NY: UN Women, 2023.
[22] A. M. N. Luque, Formulating Policies to Address the Gender Digital Skills Divide. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1596/43623
[23] J. Lee and Ž. Žarnic, “The impact of digital technologies on well-being: Main insights from the literature,” OECD Papers on Well-being and Inequalities, no. 29. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1787/cb173652-en
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Junaina, Jahani, Syafrimen, Tulus Suryanto, Koderi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.