Gender Protection in the Legal Systems of Malaysia and Indonesia: A Normative Analysis and Human Rights Based Policy Implementation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70211/gils.v1i1.380Keywords:
Comparative Analysis, Gender Protection, Human Rights, Indonesia, MalaysiaAbstract
The gender protection regimes in Malaysia and Indonesia through a comparative normative juridical framework, with particular attention to constitutional foundations, legislative architecture, and the internalization of international human rights norms. The research is grounded in the premise that formal commitments to gender equality do not automatically translate into substantive protection, especially within plural and decentralized legal systems. Using a doctrinal and comparative legal approach, the study analyzes primary legal sources including constitutional provisions, statutory instruments, and relevant international conventions such as CEDAW alongside secondary academic literature to assess the coherence, harmonization, and implementation capacity of gender-related legal frameworks in both jurisdictions. The findings reveal that while both countries have adopted significant sectoral reforms addressing gender-based violence and discrimination, structural differences in legal system design substantially influence normative integration and enforcement. Malaysia’s dual civil Sharia legal system reflects institutionalized legal pluralism that may generate jurisdictional fragmentation and partial harmonization of gender norms, whereas Indonesia’s relatively integrated constitutional structure supports stronger normative coherence but faces implementation challenges due to decentralization and uneven regional capacity. The study concludes that the effectiveness of gender protection is contingent not merely upon progressive legislation but upon the structural alignment between constitutional principles, statutory frameworks, and institutional coordination mechanisms. These findings carry important theoretical and policy implications, suggesting that future gender law reforms in plural legal systems should prioritize systemic coherence, inter-jurisdictional harmonization, and strengthened governance capacity to ensure the substantive realization of gender equality.
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