The Influence of Learning Cycle 9E Viewed from Computational Thinking Theory to Scientific Literacy Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, and Creativity
Article Integrity
Article Metrics
384
Article Views
654
PDF Downloads
2
Crossref Citations
Abstract
The main challenge in biology learning lies in students’ low levels of scientific literacy, critical thinking, and creativity, often caused by teacher-centered practices that limit exploration and reflection. This study investigates the effect of the 9E Learning Cycle model integrated with Computational Thinking (CT) on improving students’ scientific literacy, critical thinking, and creativity. A quasi-experimental design was used with three groups—experimental, positive control, and negative control—at MAN 1 West Lampung. Data were collected through pretests, posttests, and observations, analyzed using N-Gain and t-tests. The results show significant improvement in the experimental class, with science literacy increasing from 42% to 87% (N-Gain = 0.78, high category), critical thinking from 55% to 77%, and creativity from 51% to 79%. These findings indicate that the 9E Learning Cycle effectively enhances conceptual understanding, analytical reasoning, and creative problem-solving. The study concludes that integrating computational thinking within the 9E framework promotes 21st-century skills and supports the achievement of sustainable quality education in science learning.
References
1
M.A. Sarvary and J.M. Ruesch, "A Multistep Science Literacy Training Framework in an Introductory Biology Classroom: Teaching How to Find, Evaluate, Comprehend, and Cite Scientific Evidence," J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 22-25, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00197-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00197-22
2
T.N.I. Sari and A. Rakhmawati, "Analysis of the quality of critical thinking and creativity questions in high school biology subjects with the Rasch model," Res. Dev. Educ., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 602-616, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i1.32758.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i1.32758
3
M. Lukitasari, R. Hasan, and W. Murtafiah, "Using critical analysis to develop metacognitive ability and critical thinking skills in biology," JPBI Educator J. Biol. Indonesia, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 151-158, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i1.7262.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i1.7262
4
A. Hartono, E. Djulia, Hasruddin, and U.N.A.D. Jayanti, "Biology Students' Science Literacy Level on Genetic Concepts," J. Educator. IPA Indonesia, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 146-152, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i1.39941.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i1.39941
5
Y.M. Ardi, V. Vauzia, A. Razak, and S. Syamsurizal, "The Effect of Using the Student Academic Ability- Problem Solving and 5E Cycle Learning Models on the Student Learning Outcomes," J. Perelit. Educator. IPA, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 607-611, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i4.777.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v7i4.777
6
N. Ashimova and A. Turekhanova, "Development of Critical Thinking of Students in the Learning Process," InterConf, no. 13(109), pp. 110-115, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2022.013.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2022.013
7
N. Wangdi and C. Lhendup, "Multifaceted Impact of Teachers' Communication Skill on Students' Learning and Development," J. Learn. Educ. Policy, no. 22, pp. 16-21, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.55529/jlep.22.16.21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55529/jlep.22.16.21
8
A.A. Nasution, R.D. Suyanti, and W. Lubis, "The Influence of Learning Models and Learning Styles on Students' Science Literacy in Primary School," Randwick Int. Educ. Linguist. Sci. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 388-397, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v4i2.715.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v4i2.715
9
N. Yuniarsih, Y. Arfiani, and M.N. Hayati, "The Effect of Learning Cycle 5E on Global Warming Theme To Encourage Students' Scientific Process Skills," J. Pena Sains, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 60-67, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21107/jps.v7i2.6697.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/jps.v7i2.6697
10
D.D. Chrisyarani and D.A. Setiawan, "4C-Based Cooperative Learning Model Through Lesson Study Activities on Indonesian Course for Elementary School," Proc. 2nd Annu. Conf. Soc. Sci. Humanite. (ANCOSH 2020), vol. 542, no. Ancosh 2020, pp. 338-343, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210413.078.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210413.078
11
I. Nurulita, P. Ihtiari, D.P. Filipus Yubeleo, and K. Umi, "Optimizing 4C Skills through Team Based Projects Using Product Oriented Modules for Electrical Engineering Education Students," SAR J. - Sci. Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 87-94, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.18421/sar52-04.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18421/SAR52-04
12
Asrizal, Yurnetti, and E.A. Usman, "ICT Thematic Science Teaching Material With 5E Learning Cycle Model To Develop Students' 21st-Century Skills," J. Educator. IPA Indonesia, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 61-72, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.33764.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i1.33764
13
Juni Angkowati, "Improving 4C Skills and Student Learning Outcomes through Device Assisted Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Learning Models on Static Electricity Topics," J. Adv. Educ. Philos., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 463-468, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2020.v04i11.005.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2020.v04i11.005
14
D. Sulisworo and N. Sutadi, "Science Learning Cycle Method to Enhance the Conceptual Understanding and the Learning Independence on Physics Learning," Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 64, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v6i1.6348.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v6i1.6348
15
A.M. Annisa Dwi Nugraheni, Hana Pertiwi, and Muhamad Ade Nofan Ramadhan, "The Effect of the 7E Learning Cycle Learning Model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills," vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 739-748, 2023.
16
A.R. Pratama, I. Iswandi, A. Saputra, R.H. Hasan, and Arifmiboy, "The Influence of the 5E Learning Cycle Learning Model on Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Learning Activities at SMA Negeri 4 Bukittinggi City," CENDEKIA J. Social Sciences, Languages, and Educators., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 16-28, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.55606/cendikia.v3i1.642.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/cendikia.v3i1.642
17
P. Partono, H.N. Wardhani, N.I. Setyowati, A. Tsalitsa, and S.N. Putri, "Strategies for Improving 4C Competencies (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication, & Collaborative)," J. Researcher. Educator Science., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 41-52, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v14i1.35810.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v14i1.35810
18
H. Fuadi, A.Z. Robbia, J. Jamaluddin, and A.W. Jufri, "Analysis of Factors Causing Low Scientific Literacy Skills of Students," J. Ilm. Profesi Pendidik., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 108-116, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i2.122.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v5i2.122
19
Nadia, E. Suryawati, and M. Natalina, "Implementation of the 5E Learning Cycle Learning Model to Improve Students' Science Literacy Skills in Science Subjects for Class VIII.2 of SMPN 21 Pekanbaru," Jom Fkip, vol. 6, no. D, pp. 1-15, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v2n2.p26-33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijebp.v2n2.p26-33
20
I. Sujadi, "Mathematics Learning Innovations That Strengthen Literacy and Numeracy to Support the Pancasila Student Profile," Seminar. Nas. Pendidik. Mat., vol. 22, no. 22, pp. 1-13, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/Prosemnaspmatematika/article/view/4145.
21
N. Nurhasanah, J. Jumadi, L.D. Herliandry, M. Zahra, and M.E. Suban, "Development of Scientific Literacy Research in Physics Learning in Indonesia," Edusains, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 38-46, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15408/es.v12i1.14148.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/es.v12i1.14148
22
S.N. Pratiwi, C. Cari, and N.S. Aminah, "21st Century Science Learning with Students' Science Literacy," J. Mater. and Phys. Learning, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 34-42, 2019.
23
Y. Pantiwati, T. Kusniarti, F.H. Permana, E. Nurrohman, and T.N.I. Sari, "The Effects of The Blended Project-Based Literacy that Integrates School Literacy Movement Strengthening Character Education Learning Model on Metacognitive Skills, Critical Thinking, and Opinion Expression," Eur. J. Educ. Res., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 145-158, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.1.145.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.12.1.145
24
A.Z. Maghfiroh, Y. Pantiwati, H. Husamah, T.I. Permana, and A. Fauzi, "Correlation between belief in science and belief in pseudoscience in high school students," Biosphere, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 164-171, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.37447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.37447
25
J.A. Lubis, Y. Pantiwati, and others, "Students' Scientific Literacy in Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis from the Scopus Database," J. Ilm. Biol., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1100-1112, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://e-journal.undikma.ac.id/index.php/bioscientist/article/view/15732.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v13i2.15732
26
R. Isnanda, M. Sayuti, R. Rinaldi, and U.B. Hatta, "Learning Indonesian Language with an Ecoliteration Insight as a Media for the Formation of Environmental Character for Elementary School Students," J. CERDAS Proklamator, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 83-92, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.37301/cerdas.v10i2.166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37301/cerdas.v10i2.166
27
F. Yusmar and R.E. Fadilah, "Analysis of Low Scientific Literacy of Indonesian Students: PISA Results and Causal Factors," LENSA (Lentera Sains) J. Educator. IPA, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 11-19, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.24929/lensa.v13i1.283.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24929/lensa.v13i1.283
28
V.B. Cylindrica, I.W. Dasna, and S. Sumari, "The Effect of the 5E Learning Cycle Learning Model Assisted by E-scaffolding on Reaction Rate Material on Students' Conceptual Understanding with Different Achievement Motivations," J. Educ. Theor. Research, and Develop., vol. 6, no. 7, p. 1115, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v6i7.14934.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v6i7.14934
29
Yennita, Fitri Astriawati, and Dewi Jumiarni, "Learning Cycle 7E: Its Effectiveness in Improving Students' High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Plant Anatomy Course," Diklabio J. Educators. and Learning Biol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 124-132, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33369/diklabio.7.1.124-132.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33369/diklabio.7.1.124-132
30
I. Maulidah Salma and S. Aprilya Hariani, "DWIJA CENDEKIA: Journal of Pedagogical Research on the Effect of the STEM-Based Learning Cycle (5E) Learning Model on Science Literacy and Learning Outcomes of Class X Students," vol. 6, 2022.
31
T. Žuvela Blažević and M.R. Blažević, "The application of critical thinking in matriculation examination papers in the subject of biology," Školski Vjesn., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 156-170, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.38003/sv.71.1.7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38003/sv.71.1.7
32
P. Elizabeth and S. Africa, "Asian Journal of Phytomedicine," vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 11-21, 2014.
33
K.J. Assi, N. Saad, and S. Sankaran, "9E Learning And Teaching Model And Its Application In Higher Secondary Education School System," vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 45-54, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v23i1.127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v23i1.127
34
S.L. AN Nisak M, F. Fajaroh, and S. Marfu'ah, "The effect of the 5E learning cycle learning model combined with think pair share on the cognitive learning outcomes of class XI students of Sidoarjo State Senior High School on the material of buffer solutions," J. MIPA and its Learning, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 435-438, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.17977/um067v1i6p435-438.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17977/um067v1i6p435-438
35
F. Riffert, G. Hagenauer, J. Kriegseisen, and A. Strahl, "On the Impact of Learning Cycle Teaching on Austrian High School Students' Emotions, Academic Self-Concept, Engagement, and Achievement," Res. Sci. Educ., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1481-1499, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09918-w.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09918-w
36
L.F.A. Tri Yanti Sulistriaji Ningrum, Habibi Habibi, "Learning Cycle 7E Integrated with Local Potential of Mangrove Ecosystem to Improve Students' Critical Thinking," vol. XX, pp. 68-79, 2023.
37
D. Fitriyani, Y. Rahmawati, and Y. Yusmaniar, "Analysis of Students' Conceptual Understanding in Learning Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solutions with the 8E Learning Cycle," JRPK J. Ris. Educator. Kim., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30-40, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21009/JRPK.091.04.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/JRPK.091.04
38
A. Holilah, S. Nurfadhillah, and S. 'Odah, "The Effect of the 7E Learning Cycle Model on the Understanding of Science Concepts of Fourth Grade Students at Sanggiang Jaya State Elementary School," J. Educator. and Social Sciences., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 405-417, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/nusantara.
39
D.F. Agil, "The importance of literacy in the Industrial Revolution 4.0," English Stud., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 3, 2021.
40
A.A. Husniyyah, E. Erman, T. Purnomo, and M. Budiyanto, "Scientific Literacy Improvement Using Socio-Scientific Issues Learning," IJORER Int. J. Recent Educ. Res., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 447-456, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i4.303.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v4i4.303
41
N.F. Pasju, M. Kristiawan, R.N. Sasongko, and N. Pancaningrum, "The 7E Learning Cycle Model and its Importance on Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Reasoning," Elem. Islam. Teach. J., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 301, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.21043/elementary.v10i2.15108.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21043/elementary.v10i2.15108
42
T. Amaliyah, R. Rusdianto, and S. Supeno, "The Effect of the 5E Learning Cycle Model on the Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students in Learning Science," Prism. Sains J. Pengkaj. Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Mat. dan IPA IKIP Mataram, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 253, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i2.7223.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i2.7223
43
A.I. Rusydi, H. Hikmawati, and K. Kosim, "The Effect of the 7E Learning Cycle Model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills," J. Pijar Mipa, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 124-131, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v13i2.741.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v13i2.741
44
D.T. Putri, S. Setiono, and B. Ramdhan, "Science Process Skills Profile of Students Using the 9E Learning Cycle at Home Learning Model Through Online Learning," Biodik, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 164-175, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v7i3.13718.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v7i3.13718
45
Tukiran, F.A. Mubarokah, and H. Nasrudin, "Improvement of Self-Efficacy and Student Learning Outcomes on Acid Base Material Using 9E Learning Cycle Model," vol. 196, no. Ijcse, pp. 199-202, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201124.037.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.201124.037
46
A.R. Hakim, M. Asikin, and A.N. Cahyono, "The Development of Learning Module with Mobile Augmented Reality Based on 9E Learning Cycle to Improve Problem Solving Skills," Unnes J. Math. Educ. Res., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2021. [Online]. Available:https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ujmer/article/download/43930/18061.
Author Biographies
Toni Efriyandika
Department of Elementary Madrasah Teacher Education
Resna Hegi Putra
Department of Biology Education
Yuni Pantiwati
Department of Biology Education
Iin Hindun
Department of Biology Education
Abdulkadir Rahardjanto
Department of Biology Education
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Toni Efriyandika, Resna Hegi Putra, Yuni Pantiwati, Iin Hindun, Abdulkadir Rahardjanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Article Information
Published
2025-10-09
Issue
Article Tools
Citation Impact
Crossref Cited-by
2
citations
Counted from citation links between Crossref-registered works.
Last checked 19 Aug 2026.