Comparative Analysis of HIRARC and HIRADC Methods in Occupational Safety Risk Management for Girder Erection Projects

Edo Dinata; Krisna Septian Pramayogi; Aniessa Rinny Asnanning; Resti Agustina

doi:10.70211/ijesi.v2i1.191

Authors

Edo Dinata Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia
Krisna Septian Pramayogi Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia
Aniessa Rinny Asnanning Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia
Resti Agustina Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia

DOI 10.70211/ijesi.v2i1.191

Article Integrity

Article Metrics

468 Article Views 1,032 PDF Downloads 0 Crossref Citations

Abstract

This research investigates the integration of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) into girder erection activities within a major infrastructure development, emphasizing a comparison between two risk assessment approaches: HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) and HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control). The objective is to assess which method offers more precise and actionable guidance for hazard mitigation in the context of heavy structural lifting. A qualitative case study was conducted at the Kayu Agung–Palembang–Betung toll road project in Indonesia. Field-based data collection included direct observations, documentation review, and stakeholder interviews. Each method was applied to systematically identify occupational hazards, evaluate their potential impacts, and formulate appropriate control strategies. Further analysis was performed to determine the safety factor of 180-ton and 250-ton cranes involved in the girder installation. A projected cost for OHSMS implementation was also calculated. The study reveals that HIRADC delivers clearer control recommendations and more targeted risk prioritization compared to HIRARC, making it better suited for high-risk construction scenarios. The larger crane, with a safety factor of 1.89, proved more reliable than the 180-ton model (1.65). The total cost required to implement comprehensive safety procedures was estimated at IDR 159,435,000. Critical risks identified include girder drops, worker falls from height, and contact with moving equipment. The insights gained from this study can enhance occupational safety planning and serve as a reference for similar engineering projects in emerging economies.

Keywords

HIRARC Girder Erection Safety Occupational

References

1

K. Kim, “Analysing Indonesia’s infrastructure deficits from a developmentalist perspective,” Compet. Change, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 115–142, Jan. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211043355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211043355

2

M. G. Helander, “Safety hazards and motivation for safe work in the construction industry,” Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 205–223, Nov. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(91)90033-I DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(91)90033-I

3

D. Wang, F. Dai, and X. Ning, “Risk assessment of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in construction: State-of-the-art review,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 141, no. 6, p. 04015008, Jun. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000979

4

Y. Chinniah, “Analysis and prevention of serious and fatal accidents related to moving parts of machinery,” Saf. Sci., vol. 75, pp. 163–173, Jun. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.004

5

F. Costantino, A. Falegnami, L. Fedele, M. Bernabei, S. Stabile, and R. Bentivenga, “New and emerging hazards for health and safety within digitalized manufacturing systems,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 19, art. no. 19, Jan. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910948

6

L. D. Nguyen, D. Q. Tran, and M. P. Chandrawinata, “Predicting safety risk of working at heights using Bayesian networks,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 142, no. 9, p. 04016041, Sep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001154

7

J. B. H. Yap, I. N. Chow, and K. Shavarebi, “Criticality of construction industry problems in developing countries: Analyzing Malaysian projects,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 35, no. 5, p. 04019020, Sep. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000709 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000709

8

W. Zhang, S. Zhu, X. Zhang, and T. Zhao, “Identification of critical causes of construction accidents in China using a model based on system thinking and case analysis,” Saf. Sci., vol. 121, pp. 606–618, Jan. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.04.038

9

I. M. Ardianti, D. A. Setiarini, D. Andandaningrum, and A. Mughofar, “Noise level analysis due to motor vehicle traffic: A case study at UIN Raden Intan Lampung,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 482, p. 01009, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448201009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448201009

10

M. Ismail Iqbal et al., “Hazard identification and risk assessment with controls (HIRAC) in oil industry – A proposed approach,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 44, pp. 4898–4902, Jan. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.800

11

S. M. Bagheri, H. Taghaddos, and U. Hermann, “Automated safety and practicality enhancement of lift plans in modular construction,” Autom. Constr., vol. 168, p. 105731, Dec. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105731

12

A. H. Ali, T. Zayed, and M. Hussein, “Crane safety operations in modular integrated construction,” Autom. Constr., vol. 164, p. 105456, Aug. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105456 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105456

13

S. R. Mohandes et al., “Occupational health and safety in modular integrated construction projects: The case of crane operations,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 342, p. 130950, Mar. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130950

14

B. V. Seixas, F. Dionne, and C. Mitton, “Practices of decision making in priority setting and resource allocation: A scoping review and narrative synthesis of existing frameworks,” Health Econ. Rev., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 2, Jan. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-020-00300-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-020-00300-0

15

G. N. Putri and H. D. Ariesyadi, “Analysis of occupational safety and health (K3) risk management in construction industry (case study: Construction of natural gas transmission pipelines),” Devot. J. Res. Community Serv., vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1895–1907, Sep. 2023. https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v4i9.565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v4i9.565

16

A. C. Ahmad et al., “Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) accidents at power plant,” in Matec Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2016, p. 00105. Accessed: May 06, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600105 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20166600105

17

A. M. Saedi, J. J. Thambirajah, and A. Pariatamby, “A HIRARC model for safety and risk evaluation at a hydroelectric power generation plant,” Saf. Sci., vol. 70, pp. 308–315, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.05.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.05.013

18

E. R. Kabul and F. Yafi, “HIRARC method approach as analysis tools in forming occupational safety health management and culture,” Sosiohumaniora, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 218–226, 2022. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i2.38525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i2.38525

19

A. Ulimaz, “Analisis keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja pada stasiun loading ramp dengan metode HIRARC di PT. XYZ,” Insologi J. Sains dan Teknol., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 268–279, 2022. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i3.573 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i3.573

20

A. D. Prabaswari et al., “Work hazard risk analysis and control in grey finishing department using HIRARC (hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control),” in IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., IOP Publishing, 2020, p. 012053. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/982/1/012053/meta. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/982/1/012053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/982/1/012053

21

S. Fauziyah, R. Susanti, and F. Nurjihad, “Risk assessment for occupational health and safety of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport accessibility project through HIRARC method,” in IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 012048. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/700/1/012048/meta. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/700/1/012048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/700/1/012048

22

S. Irawan, T. W. Panjaitan, and L. Y. Bendatu, “Penyusunan hazard identification risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) di PT. X,” J. Titra, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15–18, 2015.

23

B. Suhardi, A. A. V. Estianto, and P. W. Laksono, “Analysis of potential work accidents using hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) method,” in 2016 2nd Int. Conf. Ind. Mech. Electr. Chem. Eng. (ICIMECE), IEEE, 2016, pp. 196–200. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7910457/. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMECE.2016.7910457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMECE.2016.7910457

24

E. Triswandana and N. K. Armaeni, “Penilaian risiko K3 dengan metode HIRARC,” Ukarst, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 96–108, 2020. https://doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i1.788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i1.788

Author Biographies

Edo Dinata

Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia

Road and Bridge Construction Engineering Technology Study Program

Krisna Septian Pramayogi

Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia

Road and Bridge Construction Engineering Technology Study Program

Aniessa Rinny Asnanning

Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia

Road and Bridge Construction Engineering Technology Study Program

Resti Agustina

Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia Indonesia

Road and Bridge Construction Engineering Technology Study Program, Department of Engineering

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Comparative Analysis of HIRARC and HIRADC Methods in Occupational Safety Risk Management for Girder Erection Projects

Authors

Abstract

Keywords

References

Author Biographies

Edo Dinata

Krisna Septian Pramayogi

Aniessa Rinny Asnanning

Resti Agustina

License

Download Article

Downloads

Article Information

Published

Issue

Article Tools

Citation Impact

Bagian Kanan

Submissions